What Is Stomach Cancer?
Common Risk Factors for Stomach Cancer
Before we dive into the symptoms, it’s helpful to understand some common risk factors associated with stomach cancer.
These include
This bacterial infection, which affects the stomach lining, is one of the most significant risk factors for stomach cancer. It is linked to chronic gastritis and can lead to the development of stomach ulcers and, eventually, cancer.
Smoking
Tobacco use is a major risk factor, as it increases the chances of stomach cancer, particularly in the lower part of the stomach.
Family history
If you have a first-degree relative (parent, sibling, or child) who has had stomach cancer, your risk may be higher.
Diet
A diet high in salty, smoked, or pickled foods and low in fruits and vegetables may increase your risk of developing stomach cancer.
Age and gender
Stomach cancer is more common in people over 60, and men are more likely to develop it than women.
Previous stomach surgery
People who have had certain types of stomach surgery, such as a partial gastrectomy, may have an increased risk of stomach cancer.
Early Symptoms of Stomach Cancer
What to Look For While stomach cancer may not present noticeable symptoms in its early stages, there are some signs that can indicate potential problems. These symptoms may also be caused by other less serious conditions, so it’s important to consult with a healthcare provider for an accurate diagnosis.
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One of the earliest and most common symptoms of stomach cancer is indigestion or dyspepsia. People with dyspepsia often feel a sense of fullness after eating, experience bloating, or suffer from an upset stomach. If these symptoms persist and worsen over time, it’s essential to seek medical attention.
What it feels like
You may feel discomfort or burning in the upper abdomen, a sensation of fullness even after eating small amounts of food, or bloating that doesn’t go away.
When to worry
If these symptoms are new, severe, or last for weeks, it could indicate an underlying problem, including stomach cancer.
Persistent Stomach Pain
As the cancer progresses, you may begin to experience persistent or recurring stomach pain. This pain may be dull or sharp and could be localized to a specific area of the stomach. In advanced stages, the pain may worsen after eating or drinking.
What it feels like
A consistent ache or sharp pain in the stomach area, particularly in the upper abdomen.
When to worry
If stomach pain continues over several weeks or becomes more intense, it may indicate that the stomach lining or surrounding organs are being affected.
Nausea and Vomiting
Nausea and vomiting that are not related to a specific food, infection, or illness could be a sign of stomach cancer. In advanced stages, the tumor can block the stomach or cause gastric obstruction, leading to vomiting.
Unexplained Weight Loss
Unexplained weight loss is one of the most common signs of advanced stomach cancer. As the tumor grows and spreads, it can affect how the stomach digests food and absorbs nutrients, leading to weight loss. Additionally, cancer cells can use up a significant amount of energy, further contributing to weight loss.
What it feels like
A significant reduction in weight over a short period without changes in diet or exercise habits.
Swelling or Lumps in the Abdomen
In some cases, stomach cancer can cause a noticeable lump or swelling in the abdomen. This happens when the tumor grows large enough to cause physical changes to the stomach or surrounding tissues. It may also be accompanied by a feeling of fullness or discomfort in the abdominal region.
What it feels like
A visible or palpable mass in the upper abdomen, often with a feeling of bloating or fullness.
When to worry
If you notice any unusual swelling or lumps in the abdomen, especially if accompanied by pain, it’s important to see a healthcare provider for further evaluation.
Blood in Stool or Vomit
Blood in the stool or vomit is a serious symptom that could indicate stomach cancer. If the tumor causes bleeding in the stomach, it can result in blood being present in vomit or stool. The blood may appear bright red (if it is fresh) or black and tarry (if it has been digested).
What it feels like: Vomiting blood (hematemesis) or noticing black, tarry stools, which are indicative of digested blood.
When to worry
Blood in the stool or vomit is a medical emergency. If you experience symptoms, seek immediate medical attention.
Fatigue and Weakness
These symptoms can be caused by the body’s immune response to cancer, as well as the nutritional deficiencies that may result from poor digestion and absorption of food.
What it feels like
Extreme tiredness, weakness, or lack of energy that doesn’t improve with rest.
When to worry
If fatigue is accompanied by other signs such as weight loss, abdominal pain, or nausea, it could be indicative of stomach cancer or another serious condition.
How Stomach Cancer Is Diagnosed?
If you are experiencing any of the symptoms mentioned above, it’s important to visit a healthcare provider for an evaluation. They may recommend several diagnostic tests to confirm whether stomach cancer is the cause of your symptoms:
Endoscopy
A flexible tube with a camera is inserted through the mouth to examine the stomach lining for signs of cancer or other abnormalities.
Biopsy
During an endoscopy, a small sample of tissue may be taken for lab analysis to confirm if cancer cells are present.
Imaging Tests
Techniques such as CT scans, MRIs, or ultrasounds may be used to visualize the stomach and surrounding organs to check for tumors.
Blood Tests
Blood tests can help detect anemia (a sign of internal bleeding) or other abnormalities related to stomach cancer.
Know the Symptoms, Seek Early Treatment
Stomach cancer symptoms can be vague or mimic those of other digestive disorders, which is why it’s essential to listen to your body and seek medical advice if you experience any unusual or persistent symptoms. Early detection can significantly improve treatment outcomes, so don’t hesitate to consult with a healthcare provider if you’re concerned about your health.
Conclusion
If you experience signs like persistent stomach pain, nausea, unexplained weight loss, or blood in your stool or vomit, it’s crucial to get checked by a doctor. Early diagnosis can make a difference, so act quickly, stay informed, and prioritize your health.
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